What is foreskin edema?

Foreskin edema is a common swelling of the skin and mucous membranes caused by localized circulatory disorders in the foreskin.

It can be classified into acute and chronic types. Common causes include poor penile hygiene, unconventional sexual or masturbation practices, redundant prepuce, paraphimosis, foreskin surgery, or foreskin contusion.

What causes foreskin edema?

Foreskin edema can result from various factors, including:

• Infectious diseases, external irritation, allergies, or daily behavioral habits;
• Inflammatory reactions caused by conditions like balanoposthitis, balanitis, or postoperative infections;
• Trauma during sexual activity, paraphimosis, or external injuries leading to abnormal tissue permeability and impaired circulation;
• Allergic reactions triggered by insect bites, topical medications, or contraceptive devices like condoms.

Who is prone to foreskin edema?

It commonly occurs in individuals with redundant prepuce, poor genital or perineal hygiene, aggressive masturbation habits, frequent use of devices, obesity, chronic scrotal dampness, or allergic tendencies.

What are the main symptoms of foreskin edema?

The hallmark symptom is localized swelling of the foreskin, which may appear translucent. Ulcers, erosions, or purulent discharge may also occur.

• Inflammatory foreskin edema may initially present with redness, warmth, and pain, followed by typical swelling.
• Direct or indirect trauma can cause localized bleeding and redness, progressing to edema.
• Allergen exposure may first trigger hives, papules, or erythema, with untreated cases developing edema.

How is foreskin edema diagnosed?

Diagnosis is straightforward through genital examination, observing foreskin appearance, and palpating the scrotum, penis, testes, and foreskin to assess swelling extent. Ultrasound or pathogen testing may be used if needed.

Color Doppler ultrasound: Optional, used to evaluate structural abnormalities or assess testes, epididymis, ureters, or kidneys.

Pathogen testing: Cultures of secretions can identify infectious agents to guide treatment.

Surgical exploration: Reserved for complex cases or failed conservative treatment.

Which department treats foreskin edema?

Urology, Andrology, Dermatology, or Reproductive Medicine.

How is foreskin edema treated?

1. General treatment:

   • Cleaning and disinfecting the genital area helps control infection and reduce inflammation.
   • Avoid sexual activity, aggressive masturbation, or contact with allergens like medications or contraceptives.
   • Local physiotherapy may improve blood and lymphatic circulation.

2. Medication:

   • Antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins) for infectious edema;
   • Corticosteroids (e.g., dexamethasone) or antihistamines (e.g., loratadine) for allergic or acute edema.

3. Surgery:

   Partial foreskin resection is necessary for necrosis or redundant prepuce to relieve pressure and prevent further ischemia.

How to prevent foreskin edema?

1. Maintain genital and perineal hygiene, keep the area dry, and wear loose underwear to reduce friction.
2. Avoid prolonged squatting or sitting to minimize local pressure.
3. Steer clear of known allergens and seek prompt care for allergic reactions.
4. Practice gentle sexual activity and avoid aggressive masturbation.
5. Follow a regular routine, balanced diet, and avoid stress or fatigue.
6. Those with phimosis should address paraphimosis promptly, seeking medical help if needed.